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Highest point accessible by land vehicle -

The highest point accessible by land vehicle is an elevation of 6,688 m (21,942 ft) on Ojos del Salado in Chile, currently a high-altitude record for a four-wheeled vehicle.

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Highest of any volcano on Earth -

Furthermore, with a summit of 6,983 m (22, 615 ft), Ojos del Salado on the Argentine-Chile border is the highest of any volcano on Earth. The unnamed crater lake on Ojos del Salado is also the highest natural lake. 

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Farthest point from the axis of Earth -

The farthest point on Earth (the point furthest from the axis of Earth) is the summit of Cayambe, in Ecuador. This also means its summit rotates the fastest as Earth spins.

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Highest point on Earth’s surface -

The highest point on Earth’s surface measured from sea level is the summit of Mount Everest, at 8,848 m (29,029 ft).

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Highest glacier -

Khumbu Glacier on the southwest slopes of Mount Everest is the highest glacier, at an elevation of 7,600 to 8,000 m (24,900 to 26,200 ft).

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Deepest known cave -

The deepest known cave on Earth is Veryovkina Cave in Abkhazia, Georgia, at 2,212 m (7,257 ft) deep. 

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Westernmost and easternmost points on Earth -

The westernmost and easternmost points on Earth can be found anywhere along the 180th meridian (which divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres) in Siberia (including Wrangle Island, pictured). 

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Westernmost and easternmost points on Earth -

The three islands of Fiji are also bissected by the 180th meridian, which also makes this destination the westernmost and easternmost point on Earth.

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Northernmost point on Earth -

The northernmost point on Earth is the North Pole. Pictured: sea ice at the North Pole.

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Southernmost point on Earth -

The southernmost point on Earth and the southernmost point of land is the South Pole.

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Northernmost point on land -

The northernmost point on land is the northern tip of Kaffeklubben Island, north of Greenland.

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Easternmost point on land -

The easternmost point on land is Caroline Island in the Pacific Ocean. It's also known for being the first place on Earth to receive sunlight during much of the year.

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Westernmost point on land -

The westernmost point of land is Attu Island, Alaska. The island was the site of the only World War II land battle fought in the United States.

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Southernmost continental point of land outside Antarctica -

The southernmost continental point of land outside Antarctica is Cape Froward, located in the Magallanes Region of Chile, along the north shore of the Magellan Strait.

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Southernmost point of ocean -

The southernmost point of ocean is located on the Gould Coast, a portion of the coast of Antarctica along the eastern margin of the Ross Ice Shelf.

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Southernmost point of open ocean -

The southernmost point of open ocean is part of the Ross Sea, at the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf.

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Southernmost point of water -

The southernmost point of water is a bay on the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (pictured) along the coast of Antarctica. 

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Greatest purely vertical drop -

Mount Thor in Auyuittuq National Park on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada boasts the greatest purely vertical drop. Its summit elevation is 1,675 m (5,495 ft). 

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Greatest nearly vertical drop -

This is the Trango Towers group in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. The highest point in the group is the summit of Great Trango Tower at 6,286 m (20,623 ft), the east face of which features the world's greatest near-vertical drop.

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Highest point accessible by train -

The highest point accessible by train is Tanggula Pass, located in the Tanggula Mountains of Qinghai/Tibet, at 5,072 m (16,640 ft).

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Lowest point attainable by rail transportation -

The lowest point attainable by commercial train transportation is the Seikan Tunnel of Japan railroad, at 240 m (787 ft) below sea level.

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Lowest railroad not inside a tunnel -

At 120 m (393 ft) below sea level, Beit She'an railway station in Israel is the lowest in the world. 

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Lowest point on dry land -

The Dead Sea, shared by Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, is the lowest point on dry land, at 432.65 m (1,419 ft) below sea level. In addition, the lowest points attainable by transportation are any of the roads alongside the Dead Sea in Israel and Jordan.

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Lowest point on land not covered by liquid water -

The lowest point on land not covered by liquid water is the canyon under Denman Glacier at Queen Mary Land in Antarctica, with the bedrock being 3,500 m (11,500 ft) below sea level.

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Highest point accessible by an oceangoing vessel -

The highest point accessible by an oceangoing vessel is a section of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal between the Hilpoltstein and Bachhausen locks (pictured) in Bavaria, Germany, which raise the surface water level in the canal to 406 m (1,332 ft) above sea level.

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Highest river -

The highest river is disputed, but it's likely the Yarlung Tsangpo, the source of which is about 6,020 m (19,751 ft) above sea level. Originating in western Tibet, it ultimately flows into India and Bangladesh. 

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Highest navigable lake -

The highest navigable lake is Lake Titicaca, on the border of Bolivia and Peru, at 3,812 m (12,507 ft).

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Deepest lake -

With an estimated depth of 1,642 m (5,387 ft), Lake Baikal in southern Russia is the world's deepest lake.

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Highest uninterrupted waterfall -

Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 m (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648 ft).

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Lowest known natural point -

The lowest known natural point on the planet is Challenger Deep, at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, at 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level. 

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Most distant point from an ocean -

A spot in the Gurbantünggüt Desert in China known as the Eurasian pole of inaccessibility is considered the most distant point from an ocean.

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Most distant point from land -

The most distant point from land is the Pacific pole of inaccessibility (also called "Nemo Point"), which lies in the South Pacific Ocean, approximately 2,688 km (1,670 mi) from the nearest land.

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Point farthest from the Earth’s center -

The point farthest from the Earth's center is the summit of Chimborazo in Ecuador, at 6,384.4 km (3,967.1 mi) from the Earth's core.

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Point on the surface closest to the Earth's center -

The surface of the Arctic Ocean, at the North Pole, is the lowest point attainable by a person to the Earth's center. Pictured: North Pole at sunset. 

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Farthest road from the Earth's center -

The farthest road from the Earth's center is the road to Carrel Hut in the Ecuadorian Andes. 

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World's highest unsurfaced road -

The road to Umling near Demchock in Ladakh, India is claimed to be the world's highest unsurfaced road. At its highest point, the road reaches an elevation of 5,800 m (19,029 ft).

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Highest asphalted road -

The highest asphalted road crosses Tibet's Semo La Pass at 5,566 m (18,261 ft), though in places it resembles a dirt track. 

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Highest point accessible by road (dead end) -

The highest point accessible by road (dead end) is on a mining road to the summit of Aucanquilcha in Chile, which reaches an elevation of 6,176 m (20,262 ft). 

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Lowest undersea highway tunnel -

The lowest undersea highway tunnel is the Eiksund Tunnel in Norway, at 287 m (942 ft) below sea level. 

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Lowest artificial point underwater -

The lowest artificial point underwater is the 10,685 m- (35,056 ft-) deep oil and gas well drilled on the Tiber Oil Field in the Gulf of Mexico. The Tiber Oil Field was drilled in 2009 by the oil rig Deepwater Horizon, later destroyed as a result of an explosion.

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Lowest artificial point underground -

The lowest artificial point underground ever reached was 12,262 m (40, 230 ft) deep at the Kola Superdeep Borehole, drilled during the Soviet era. Pictured is the Kola Superdeep Borehole, commemorated on a 1987 USSR stamp.

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Lowest artificial point underground -

The lowest artificial point underground is 3,900 m (12,800 ft) below ground at the TauTona Mine in Carletonville (pictured), South Africa.

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Lowest (from sea level) artificially made point with open sky -

The Hambach surface mine in Germany is probably the lowest (from sea level) artificially made point with open sky, which reaches a depth of 293 m (961 ft) below seal level. 

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Lowest (from surface) artificially made point with open sky -

The lowest (from surface) artificially made point with open sky may be the Bighman canyon open-pit mine in Salt Lake City, which plunges to a depth of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) below surface level.

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Highest helipad in the world -

The highest helipad is Sonam, located on the Siachen Glacier (pictured) in India. Pilots land at a height of 6,400 m (20,997 ft) above sea level. 

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Lowest airfield -

Located at 378 m (1,240 ft) below mean sea level, Bar Yehuda Airfield, near Masada, in Israel, is the lowest airfield in the world.

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Highest commercial airport in the world -

At 4,411m (14,472 ft), Daocheng Yading Airport in Sichuan, China is the highest commercial airport in the world.

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Lowest commercial airport -

Atyrau Airport, near Atyrau, Kazakhstan, is the lowest commercial airport, at 22 m (72 ft) below sea level, in the Caspian Sea basin.

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Most remote airport in the world -

The most remote airport in the world (defined as distance to another airport) is Mataveri International Airport on Easter Island. 

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Most remote inhabited island -

Easter Island is considered the most remote inhabited island; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, 3,512 km (2,182 mi) away.

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Most remote island -

Bouvet Island, a small, uninhabited island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is a dependency of Norway, is considered the most remote island in the world. The nearest landmass is Antarctica, over 1,600 km (994 mi) to the south.

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The highest island is one of a number of islands in the Orba Co, a lake in Tibet that's set at an elevation of 5,209 m (17,090 ft). 

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Southernmost island in the world -

The southernmost island in the world is Berkner Island, an Antarctic ice rise.

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Most remote inhabited archipelago -

The most remote inhabited archipelago is Tristan da Cunha, which lies 2,432 km (1,511 mi) off the coast of South Africa.

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Highest permanent human settlement -

La Rinconada is situated 5,100 m (16,732 ft) above sea level in the Peruvian Andes, making the town the highest permanent human settlement in the world.

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Coldest inhabited place -

The coldest inhabited place on the planet is considered to be Oymyakon in Russia. It has has the coldest monthly mean, with −46.4 °C (−51.5 °F) the average temperature in January, the coldest month.

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Hottest inhabited place -

Dallol, in Ethiopia, is the world's hottest inhabited place. An average annual temperature of 35°C (95°F) was recorded between 1960 and 1966.

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Most extreme ground temperature -

A ground temperature of 93.9 °C (201 °F) was recorded in Furnace Creek in California's Death Valley on July 15, 1972; this may be the highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded.

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Deepest mine below sea level -

The Kidd Mine in Ontario, Canada is 2,733 m (8,967 ft) below sea level—the deepest accessible non-marine point on earth. It is also the world's deepest copper-zinc mine.

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Lowest city in the world -

Baku in Azerbaijan sits at 28 m (92 ft) below sea level, making it the lowest-lying national capital in the world.

See also: Should Europe prepare for this extreme weather threat?

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