In 2024, Europe’s electricity trade painted a vivid picture of dependence and self-sufficiency. Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, these dynamics have become even more significant. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), electricity imports and exports among European OECD countries have increased dramatically over the past two decades.
Each country’s percentage shows how much of its total electricity use came from imports, or how much it exported compared to what it consumed. Positive figures indicate reliance on imports, while negative ones reflect surplus production and exports.
Some nations depend heavily on neighbors for power, while others supply energy across the continent. Only Cyprus remained fully self-sufficient, revealing how diverse Europe’s energy landscape has become amid shifting policies and market pressures. Click on to see how Europe’s nations compare in electricity trade, who imports and who exports.