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See Also
See Again
© Shutterstock
0 / 30 Fotos
Bird flu strikes America
- Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in the United States are alarming scientists after a poultry facility in Michigan and an egg producer in Texas both reported cases of what's also known as bird flu.
© Shutterstock
1 / 30 Fotos
The virus infects a human
- Their concerns are further exacerbated by the fact that officials in Texas announced the state's first case of bird flu in a human after a person became infected as a result of close contact with infected cows—the first known instance of a human catching bird flu from a mammal.
© Shutterstock
2 / 30 Fotos
The disease stars to spread
- As well as in Texas, sick dairy cattle in Kansas also tested positive for bird flu, reported USA Today.
© Getty Images
3 / 30 Fotos
More cases identified
- And in further developments, bird flu was identified in a Michigan dairy herd that included cows transported from Texas.
© Shutterstock
4 / 30 Fotos
Livestock numbers threatened
- Livestock in New Mexico and Idaho are also presumed to be infected with the highly pathogenic virus, officials said.
© Shutterstock
5 / 30 Fotos
What is avian influenza?
- Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses.
© Getty Images
6 / 30 Fotos
How is it spread?
- These viruses naturally spread worldwide among wild aquatic birds like ducks and geese.
© Getty Images
7 / 30 Fotos
What other species are affected?
- But they can also infect domestic poultry—chickens, for example—and other bird and animal species.
© Getty Images
8 / 30 Fotos
The A/H5N1 virus
- The bird flu virus currently drawing attention in the United States is Type A H5N1 (A/H5N1) a subtype of influenza A virus that primarily affects birds.
© Getty Images
9 / 30 Fotos
When was it first identified?
- The bird flu virus A/H5N1 was first identified in 1959. Like other viruses, it has evolved over time, creating newer versions of itself.
© Getty Images
10 / 30 Fotos
"Fowl plague"
- The first description of avian influenza, however, dates back to 1878 in northern Italy. Italian parasitologist Edoardo Perroncito (1847–1936) identified a contagious disease of poultry associated with high mortality. He termed it "fowl plague."
© Public Domain
11 / 30 Fotos
The first human infections
- A/H5N1 was first isolated from a goose in China in 1996. In 1997, human infections with A/H5N1 viruses were reported during an outbreak in poultry in Hong Kong, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
© Getty Images
12 / 30 Fotos
The virus takes hold
- In December 2003, South Korea reported its first case of A/H5N1 bird flu. The outbreak caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry across the nation. Pictured are soldiers and national veterinary and quarantine service personnel on their way to bury hundreds of carcasses at a duck farm affected by the virus in Cheonan, southeast of Seoul.
© Getty Images
13 / 30 Fotos
Endemic in poultry populations
- Since 2003, adds WHO, A/H5N1 has spread in bird populations from Asia to Europe and Africa, and to the Americas in 2021/22, and has become endemic in poultry populations in many countries. Pictured is a representation of the contamination of a hen by the A/H5N1 virus.
© Getty Images
14 / 30 Fotos
The human factor
- Bird flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. In 2013 in Beijing, China, a number of people were infected with the A/H7N9 strain of bird flu, with several succumbing to the disease. Pictured is a seven-year-old girl with A/H7N9 receiving medical treatment in a hospital.
© Getty Images
15 / 30 Fotos
Global killer
- Indeed, contracting bird flu can be fatal. Since 2003, A/H5N1 strains have spread in an unprecedented manner in many Asian countries, and the outbreaks have resulted in numerous human deaths in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, according to data published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
© Getty Images
16 / 30 Fotos
First known case of A/H5N1 in Europe
- In 2006, a dead cat in Germany tested positive for the A/H5N1 type of bird flu—the first known case in Europe, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Pictured is a doctor inspecting a chicken in an isolation ward at the IZSVe Tri-Veneto Region Experimental Animal Health Care Institute in Padova, Italy, in the wake of the discovery.
© Getty Images
17 / 30 Fotos
Largest outbreak to date
- In 2014, United States poultry and egg producers experienced an outbreak of another strain of the virus, type A/H5N2. This is currently the largest outbreak of bird flu in recorded history. Approximately 51 million birds were depopulated to control the spread of the disease. Dead migratory birds, including the endangered least tern (pictured), were examined for cause of death to determine if they were carriers. Today, according to the Associated Press, A/H5N2 has been detected in wild birds in every state, as well as commercial poultry operations and backyard flocks.
© Getty Images
18 / 30 Fotos
More animal victims
- Worryingly since 2020, the A/H5N1 virus has been spreading among more animal species—including dogs, cats, skunks, bears, and even seals and porpoises.
© Getty Images
19 / 30 Fotos
Latin America infected
- The A/H5N1 virus arrived in Latin America in October 2022 through migratory birds and has spread throughout the continent. Avian influenza is affecting 53 species across Chile, including pelicans, seagulls, and Humboldt penguins, whose population has decreased by 10%. In 2023 alone, the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) detected 8,140 deaths, almost almost double the total number of deaths in the last 14 years combined (4,392). Pictured is a group of pelicans and other seabirds on a beach in Lima, Peru.
© Getty Images
20 / 30 Fotos
Symptoms of bird flu in humans
- Back in the United States, the only symptom reported by the Texas farmworker during the current outbreak of A/H5N1 is pink eye, or conjunctivitis, according to the CDC.
© Getty Images
21 / 30 Fotos
More severe cases
- But cases in humans can be far more severe. Symptoms can include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. In extreme cases, it can prompt a bout of pneumonia.
© Shutterstock
22 / 30 Fotos
How the infection spreads
- Bird flu primarily spreads through contact with infected birds. Poultry farmers are especially vulnerable.
© Getty Images
23 / 30 Fotos
Dangers of exposure
- Most cases in humans have occurred after a person has unprotected exposure to sick or dead infected animals.
© Getty Images
24 / 30 Fotos
Handling infected birds
- Handling an infected bird is believed to have been the source of the only other case of bird flu recorded in a human in America. In 2022, a prison inmate caught the disease while taking part in a work program on a farm in Colorado.
© Getty Images
25 / 30 Fotos
Low risk to public health
- While the outbreaks of avian flu in the United States have raised concerns among the population, officials stress that the risk to public health remains low.
© Getty Images
26 / 30 Fotos
Person-to-person
- Actually, human-to-human transmission of bird flu is extremely rare. It has never been shown to be easily transmissible between people.
© Shutterstock
27 / 30 Fotos
Preventing spread of the virus
- Measures to prevent the spread of avian influenza include avoiding touching your mouth, nose, or eyes after contact with birds or surfaces that may be contaminated with saliva, mucous, or feces from wild or domestic birds.
© Shutterstock
28 / 30 Fotos
Further precautions
- If you keep backyard poultry, bare in mind that they can become infected by mixing with wild birds. Your birds' food, water, housing, or equipment can be contaminated by direct or indirect contact. Sources: (Associated Press) (USA Today) (CDC) (National Center for Biotechnology Information) (WHO) (Health Policy Watch) (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) (Healthline) See also: Civet cats, bats, and other animals that spread deadly diseases
© Shutterstock
29 / 30 Fotos
© Shutterstock
0 / 30 Fotos
Bird flu strikes America
- Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in the United States are alarming scientists after a poultry facility in Michigan and an egg producer in Texas both reported cases of what's also known as bird flu.
© Shutterstock
1 / 30 Fotos
The virus infects a human
- Their concerns are further exacerbated by the fact that officials in Texas announced the state's first case of bird flu in a human after a person became infected as a result of close contact with infected cows—the first known instance of a human catching bird flu from a mammal.
© Shutterstock
2 / 30 Fotos
The disease stars to spread
- As well as in Texas, sick dairy cattle in Kansas also tested positive for bird flu, reported USA Today.
© Getty Images
3 / 30 Fotos
More cases identified
- And in further developments, bird flu was identified in a Michigan dairy herd that included cows transported from Texas.
© Shutterstock
4 / 30 Fotos
Livestock numbers threatened
- Livestock in New Mexico and Idaho are also presumed to be infected with the highly pathogenic virus, officials said.
© Shutterstock
5 / 30 Fotos
What is avian influenza?
- Avian influenza refers to the disease caused by infection with avian (bird) influenza (flu) Type A viruses.
© Getty Images
6 / 30 Fotos
How is it spread?
- These viruses naturally spread worldwide among wild aquatic birds like ducks and geese.
© Getty Images
7 / 30 Fotos
What other species are affected?
- But they can also infect domestic poultry—chickens, for example—and other bird and animal species.
© Getty Images
8 / 30 Fotos
The A/H5N1 virus
- The bird flu virus currently drawing attention in the United States is Type A H5N1 (A/H5N1) a subtype of influenza A virus that primarily affects birds.
© Getty Images
9 / 30 Fotos
When was it first identified?
- The bird flu virus A/H5N1 was first identified in 1959. Like other viruses, it has evolved over time, creating newer versions of itself.
© Getty Images
10 / 30 Fotos
"Fowl plague"
- The first description of avian influenza, however, dates back to 1878 in northern Italy. Italian parasitologist Edoardo Perroncito (1847–1936) identified a contagious disease of poultry associated with high mortality. He termed it "fowl plague."
© Public Domain
11 / 30 Fotos
The first human infections
- A/H5N1 was first isolated from a goose in China in 1996. In 1997, human infections with A/H5N1 viruses were reported during an outbreak in poultry in Hong Kong, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
© Getty Images
12 / 30 Fotos
The virus takes hold
- In December 2003, South Korea reported its first case of A/H5N1 bird flu. The outbreak caused serious economic losses in the poultry industry across the nation. Pictured are soldiers and national veterinary and quarantine service personnel on their way to bury hundreds of carcasses at a duck farm affected by the virus in Cheonan, southeast of Seoul.
© Getty Images
13 / 30 Fotos
Endemic in poultry populations
- Since 2003, adds WHO, A/H5N1 has spread in bird populations from Asia to Europe and Africa, and to the Americas in 2021/22, and has become endemic in poultry populations in many countries. Pictured is a representation of the contamination of a hen by the A/H5N1 virus.
© Getty Images
14 / 30 Fotos
The human factor
- Bird flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with bird flu viruses have occurred. In 2013 in Beijing, China, a number of people were infected with the A/H7N9 strain of bird flu, with several succumbing to the disease. Pictured is a seven-year-old girl with A/H7N9 receiving medical treatment in a hospital.
© Getty Images
15 / 30 Fotos
Global killer
- Indeed, contracting bird flu can be fatal. Since 2003, A/H5N1 strains have spread in an unprecedented manner in many Asian countries, and the outbreaks have resulted in numerous human deaths in Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, according to data published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
© Getty Images
16 / 30 Fotos
First known case of A/H5N1 in Europe
- In 2006, a dead cat in Germany tested positive for the A/H5N1 type of bird flu—the first known case in Europe, according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Pictured is a doctor inspecting a chicken in an isolation ward at the IZSVe Tri-Veneto Region Experimental Animal Health Care Institute in Padova, Italy, in the wake of the discovery.
© Getty Images
17 / 30 Fotos
Largest outbreak to date
- In 2014, United States poultry and egg producers experienced an outbreak of another strain of the virus, type A/H5N2. This is currently the largest outbreak of bird flu in recorded history. Approximately 51 million birds were depopulated to control the spread of the disease. Dead migratory birds, including the endangered least tern (pictured), were examined for cause of death to determine if they were carriers. Today, according to the Associated Press, A/H5N2 has been detected in wild birds in every state, as well as commercial poultry operations and backyard flocks.
© Getty Images
18 / 30 Fotos
More animal victims
- Worryingly since 2020, the A/H5N1 virus has been spreading among more animal species—including dogs, cats, skunks, bears, and even seals and porpoises.
© Getty Images
19 / 30 Fotos
Latin America infected
- The A/H5N1 virus arrived in Latin America in October 2022 through migratory birds and has spread throughout the continent. Avian influenza is affecting 53 species across Chile, including pelicans, seagulls, and Humboldt penguins, whose population has decreased by 10%. In 2023 alone, the National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) detected 8,140 deaths, almost almost double the total number of deaths in the last 14 years combined (4,392). Pictured is a group of pelicans and other seabirds on a beach in Lima, Peru.
© Getty Images
20 / 30 Fotos
Symptoms of bird flu in humans
- Back in the United States, the only symptom reported by the Texas farmworker during the current outbreak of A/H5N1 is pink eye, or conjunctivitis, according to the CDC.
© Getty Images
21 / 30 Fotos
More severe cases
- But cases in humans can be far more severe. Symptoms can include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. In extreme cases, it can prompt a bout of pneumonia.
© Shutterstock
22 / 30 Fotos
How the infection spreads
- Bird flu primarily spreads through contact with infected birds. Poultry farmers are especially vulnerable.
© Getty Images
23 / 30 Fotos
Dangers of exposure
- Most cases in humans have occurred after a person has unprotected exposure to sick or dead infected animals.
© Getty Images
24 / 30 Fotos
Handling infected birds
- Handling an infected bird is believed to have been the source of the only other case of bird flu recorded in a human in America. In 2022, a prison inmate caught the disease while taking part in a work program on a farm in Colorado.
© Getty Images
25 / 30 Fotos
Low risk to public health
- While the outbreaks of avian flu in the United States have raised concerns among the population, officials stress that the risk to public health remains low.
© Getty Images
26 / 30 Fotos
Person-to-person
- Actually, human-to-human transmission of bird flu is extremely rare. It has never been shown to be easily transmissible between people.
© Shutterstock
27 / 30 Fotos
Preventing spread of the virus
- Measures to prevent the spread of avian influenza include avoiding touching your mouth, nose, or eyes after contact with birds or surfaces that may be contaminated with saliva, mucous, or feces from wild or domestic birds.
© Shutterstock
28 / 30 Fotos
Further precautions
- If you keep backyard poultry, bare in mind that they can become infected by mixing with wild birds. Your birds' food, water, housing, or equipment can be contaminated by direct or indirect contact. Sources: (Associated Press) (USA Today) (CDC) (National Center for Biotechnology Information) (WHO) (Health Policy Watch) (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) (Healthline) See also: Civet cats, bats, and other animals that spread deadly diseases
© Shutterstock
29 / 30 Fotos
How worried should Americans be about the bird flu outbreak?
FDA warns against consumption of raw milk due to outbreak among dairy cows
© Shutterstock
Two outbreaks of avian flu in the United States caused rising concern among health officials after it was confirmed that a human had been infected with the H5N1 virus—the first known instance of a human catching bird flu from a mammal. A recent outbreak among dairy cow herds in nine different states has led the FDA to warn against drinking unpasteurized milk. Raw milk, as it's called, isn't heated at high temperatures to remove pathogens. Health officials have always warned against drinking raw milk due to the heightened risk of illness, but the practice is legal in 30 out of 50 states. It's still favored by many who believe it has greater health benefits than pasteurized milk, although US scientists say there's no evidence to support these claims. "Our consumers don't like the FDA. If the FDA says to do something, they will do the opposite," said Mark McAfee, owner of Raw Farm, the largest producer in the US.
Initial testing seems to suggest that the pasteurization process kills the H5N1 virus and only leaves behind particles. A nationwide survey of pasteurized milk found that 20% of the samples contained H5N1 particles. This suggests that the likelihood of unpasteurized milk containing the virus is significant. Officials have warned against consuming raw milk until they've determined whether or not the virus can be transmitted to humans this way. So far, the investigation has revealed that many farm cats who drank milk from H5N1-infected cows have died. Some experts believe that there have likely been many undetected cases of humans contracting bird flu, and have criticized the state departments for their limited testing thus far.
While scientists stress that the risk to public health is low, this latest development once again highlights the potential threat posed by this highly contagious infection. So, how concerned should we be?
Click through and find out more about why this latest case of bird flu is especially alarming.
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