Learn more about the language with an enduring legacy
The face of humpback whales are covered in bumps known as tubercles. Out of each tubercle grows at least one long hair, which scientists suspect are used for navigation.
Every humpback whale has its own unique set of markings on their tail fins, or flukes. The patterns on any given whale's fluke acts like a fingerprint, making it easy for researchers to tell individual whales apart.
In fact, humpback whales have longer migration routes than any other animal on Earth. The longest recorded humpback migration stretched an incredible 11,706 miles (18,840 km) from the Samoa Islands to Antarctica.
Most humpback whales travel all across the world over the course of a year. They can be found in any of Earth's oceans, depending on the time of year; humpbacks are always looking for warmer waters.
The only humpbacks that don't migrate are those living in the Arabian Sea. Researchers believe that these Arabian humpbacks have fed, mated, and lived in the Arabian Sea exclusively for over 70,000 years.
Many humpback whales prefer to travel solo, but many others like to travel in small groups, known as pods. Most pods only consist of three, four, or sometimes five whales. Mother whales with young calves usually tend to travel in pods for protection.
Besides their occasional visits to the surface for air, humpbacks also make a habit of propelling their tremendous bodies out of the water and back in, making a massive splash. Experts think that whales do this in order to shake barnacles and parasites off of their bodies, or maybe just for the fun of it!
Whale calls and songs can be heard from great distances, sometimes from as far as 20 miles (30 km) away. A humpback's voice is impressively deep, often dipping thousands of hertz below what is detectable by the human ear.
One might expect the massive mouth of a humpback whale to be lined with innumerable teeth, but when looking into the mouth of a whale, there isn't a single tooth in sight. Instead, humpbacks have rows of baleen plates, numbering anywhere from 270 to 400. They are used to filter the huge gulps of water humpbacks take when feeding.
Whales, as a species, are the largest animals on Earth. While humpback whales are dwarfed by their gargantuan blue whale cousins, they still beat out the vast majority of marine life, and easily tower over any and all land animals.
Humpbacks are also famous for their deep, ethereal whale songs. Singing is unique to male humpbacks, and is most likely used as a mating call. These whale songs, which can sound incredibly spooky to human ears, can last for hours on end.
It should come as no surprise that humpback whales need to eat a huge amount of food each day to fuel their long ocean journeys. Humpbacks dine on a daily dose of krill, plankton, and small fish, measuring up to around 3,000 pounds (1,360 kg).
When hunting in pods, humpbacks like to use a technique known as bubble netting to round up their prey. The whales shoot out powerful bursts of air bubbles that can be used to disorient and herd their dinner into small, concentrated areas, so that they can get the most bang for their bite.
Humpback whales, if left undisturbed, can live to be older than many humans. The average lifespan of healthy humpbacks ranges anywhere from 80 to 90 years.
Humpback whales were historically hunted by numerous cultures around the world. Their affinity for warm water near coastlines made them easy prey, and the mind-boggling amount of meat and blubber they yielded made them essential to many settlements living in cold climates by the sea.
Humpback whales can grow up to 60 feet (18 meters) long, and commonly weigh upwards of 40 tons. That makes them as heavy as eight African elephants!
That's not to say, however, that whaling has halted completely. Groups of people indigenous to Greenland, for example, are allowed to hunt and kill a limited number of humpback whales each year, because of the deep and essential place whaling has in their culture. Other Northern European nations also still engage in whaling.
Male humpbacks can create complex songs that are unique to their region. Even from far away, humpbacks will hear and repeat the same song over and over again, gradually changing the tune as they move to new areas.
In modern times, however, the practice of whaling has become taboo for most cultures around the world. Humpbacks were considered endangered species as recently as 1988, but today they are considered an animal of least concern.
Softer whale calls, affectionately called whale whispers, are often used between humpback calves and their mothers. These quieter calls are thought to be used so that mother and calf can communicate without alerting possible nearby predators.
Humpback whales themselves are prolific carbon and CO2 collectors. Throughout a humpback's lifetime, it can absorb more than 33 tons of CO2.
An increasing number of humpbacks in the ocean is good news for everybody. Research has shown that whales, particularly humpback whales, are one of the world's greatest natural fighters of climate change.
Enter phytoplankton. These tiny, microscopic plant organisms are responsible for absorbing around 37 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually and converting most of it into 50% of the total oxygen in our atmosphere at any given time.
One of the primary contributors to global pollution and climate change is the unchecked dumping of carbon dioxide, or CO2, into Earth's atmosphere. This is primarily caused by the immensely irresponsible use of fossil fuels around the world.
After spending a long life absorbing carbon from the ocean, the old humpback will peacefully sink to the bottom of the sea after dying, taking all those tons of CO2 with them. This carbon is safely stored within the whale's body and naturally reintroduced into the Earth's slow carbon cycle over centuries.
This is a major point for many environmental groups and researchers around the world, especially those involved with whale conservation. The correlation between healthy humpback populations and a healthy Earth is undeniable.
There are many groups around the world that have dedicated themselves to protecting whales, and they can always use your help. Whether through a monetary donation or simply spreading awareness, there are things we all can do every day to help protect humpback whales and, by extension, help protect ourselves.
See also: Dangerous creatures found in water
To put that giant number in perspective, the average tree only absorbs around 48 pounds (21.7 kg) of carbon dioxide in a year. Phytoplankton's intake of CO2, around 40% of all the CO2 in the atmosphere, dwarfs that of the Amazon rainforest by 400%.
These incredibly important phytoplankton just so happen to feed on whale excrement, which is high in iron and nitrogen. This means that the more whales in the sea, the more phytoplankton are there to help soak up the atmosphere's CO2. What's more, the humpback's upward and horizontal movements help to stir up other minerals from the ocean floor that phytoplankton love to feed on. This process is known as the "whale pump."
Humpback whales are some of the most beautiful and beloved creatures of the sea. Monolithic and mysterious, their affinity for coastlines makes them a favorite for whale watchers all over the world. Their haunting whale songs and majestic breaches out of the water inspire awe in just about anyone lucky enough to spend time around these beautiful marine mammoths. What might come as a surprise to many, however, is that humpback whales are one of our greatest allies in the fight against climate change. More than just incredible creatures, humpbacks also help keep our oceans, and our air, as clean as they can.
Want to know how? Read on to find out.
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Humpback whales are some of the most beautiful and beloved creatures of the sea. Monolithic and mysterious, their affinity for coastlines makes them a favorite for whale watchers all over the world. Their haunting whale songs and majestic breaches out of the water inspire awe in just about anyone lucky enough to spend time around these beautiful marine mammoths. What might come as a surprise to many, however, is that humpback whales are one of our greatest allies in the fight against climate change. More than just incredible creatures, humpbacks also help keep our oceans, and our air, as clean as they can.
Want to know how? Read on to find out.