▲Formerly known as multiple personality disorder, dissociative identity disorder is characterized by a person's identity fragmenting into two or more distinct personality states.

▲Factitious disorder is falsification of physical or psychological symptoms without an obvious external incentive. Munchausen syndrome, in which people feign an illness to attract attention, is one severe form of factitious disorder.

▲A depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood condition of extreme irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts.

▲Borderline personality disorder is a condition characterized by difficulties regulating emotion. Symptoms include emotional instability, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, and unstable self-image. Impulsive behavioral patterns are also symptomatic of the condition.

▲Generalized anxiety disorder is marked by persistent and excessive worry about a number of different things and everyday events. People with this disorder may be overly concerned about money, health, family, work, etc.

▲Characterized by obsessive concerns with weight and disruptive eating patterns, bulimia nervosa consists of binge eating, usually followed by self-induced vomiting, the abuse of laxatives or diuretics, and excessive exercise.

▲Parasomnias are disruptive sleep-related disorders. These can range from night terrors, sleep paralysis, and bed-wetting, to sleepwalking, sleep talking, and sleep eating.

▲A disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorder, pyromania is a rare, pathological disorder characterized by the intentional and repeated setting of fires by a person fascinated by fire and related paraphernalia.

▲Separation anxiety disorder is where an individual experiences excessive anxiety regarding separation from attachment figures. A person suffering these symptoms may avoid moving away from home, going to school, or getting married in order to remain in the same orbit as the attachment figure. Incidentally, separation anxiety disorder is the most common anxiety disorder in children under 12 years of age, with a gradual decrease in frequency as children mature into adults. Problems arise however when the disorder continues into adulthood.

▲Anxiety disorders can also be narrowed down to specific phobias, or an extreme fear of a specific object or situation in the environment like a fear of heights for example, or dental procedures.

▲The term global developmental delay is used when a child takes longer to reach certain development milestones than other children their age. Such delays refer to children under five and relate to cognition, social functioning, speech, language, and motor skills.

▲It's defined by the persistent restriction of energy intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape. People with eating disorders represent the highest mortality rate among those suffering from any mental illness.

▲Intellectual disability (or intellectual developmental disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. The disorder originates prior to the age of 18.

▲Trauma and stressor-related disorders include reactive attachment disorder, a condition found in young children who may have received grossly negligent care and do not form a healthy emotional attachment with their primary caregivers.

▲Somatic symptom disorders are those which manifest as physical symptoms that suggest illness or injury, but cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition. For example, illness anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive concern about having an undiagnosed medical condition.

▲Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to control sleep-wake cycles. People with this irrepressible need to sleep may also experience a sudden loss of muscle tone.

▲An irrational fear of being watched or judged, negatively evaluated, or rejected in a social or performance situation is known as social anxiety disorder.

▲Delusions (beliefs that conflict with reality), hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't really there), and catatonic behavior (confused thinking, bizarre behavior or movements) are just three symptoms that characterize this serious mental disorder.

▲Described under neurodevelopmental disorders, communication disorders are those that affect an individual's ability to comprehend, detect, or apply language and speech to engage in discourse effectively with others.

▲Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder include persistent patterns of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

▲Schizotypal personality disorder is a type of eccentric personality disorder, the symptoms of which include strange "magical" thinking or behavior, unusual beliefs, outlandish appearance, and difficulty forming relationships.

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Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by acquired deficits in cognitive function. They primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving.

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Types of anxiety disorders include agoraphobia, a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn't be available if things go wrong. It's further characterized by the fear of entering open or crowded places.

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Dramatic mood swings as well as changes in activity and energy levels characterize bipolar disorder. People with bipolar experience high and low moods—known as mania and depression.

▲Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person feels the need to perform certain routines repeatedly (known as "compulsions"). The definition also extends to "obsessions"—recurrent, persistent thoughts, impulses, and urges that lead to distress or anxiety

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Use of certain medications, substance abuse, and/or alcohol can lead to classic symptoms of depressive disorder. In addition, an individual can also experience depressive disorder while going through withdrawal from a substance.

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Kleptomania—the recurrent inability to resist urges to steal, typically without regard for need or profit—is classified as a disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder.

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Alcohol-related disorders are conditions that develop as a result of excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol. Alcoholism leads to significant impairment or distress and creates physical and psychological risks.

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Examples of substance-related and addictive disorders include tobacco use disorder, previously known as nicotine addiction. It's characterized by various symptoms, such as consuming more tobacco than intended, difficulty cutting back or quitting, and regular cravings.

▲Psychological disorders, known also as mental disorders or psychiatric disorders, are behavioral or mental patterns that cause significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. They number many, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders. Here is what some of these disorders look like, including some you may never have heard of.

Browse the gallery and find out more about these often misunderstood disorders.

Mental and psychological disorders you've surely never heard of

Behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life

11/12/24 por StarsInsider

HEALTH Mental

Psychological disorders, known also as mental disorders or psychiatric disorders, are behavioral or mental patterns that cause significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. They number many, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders. Here is what some of these disorders look like, including some you may never have heard of.

Browse the gallery and find out more about these often misunderstood disorders.